hgtfsf] ;+rf/ clwsf/ a8fkq
of] a8fkqdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ xfdL ;a} of] :jLsf/ u5f}F{ lsM
;a} dflg; / dfgj ;d'bfosf] nflu ;+rf/ geOgx'g] s'/f xf] . ;+rf/df
efu lng], ;dfhleq / ;dfhx¿aLr s:tf] / s] ;+rf/ ug]{ eGg]
lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 . t/, ljZjsf ax';+Vos dflg;x¿
afFRg / ;+rf/ ug{sf nflu geO gx'g] Go"gtd k|fljlws ;|f]t;fwgaf6
a+lrt 5g\ . ;+;f/sf cfwfeGbf w]/} dflg;n] hLjgdf slxNo} 6]lnkmf]gsf]
pkof]u u/]sf 5}gg\ . cfd;+rf/ dfWodx¿ -ldl8of_ sf] Jofkf/Ls/0f
eof] / ldl8ofsf] :jfldTj yf]/} dflg; jf ;+:yfsf] xftdf ;Lldt eof]
eg] ldl8ofn] hglxtsf] kIfdf sfd ug{;Qm}g . o;n] ubf{ k|hftGqsf
nflu rflxg] ljrf/sf] ax'ntf, ;f+:s[lts cleJolQmsf] ljljwtf / eflifs
ljljwtfnufot hgtfsf ;f+:s[lts tyf ;"rgf / 1fgsf cfjZostfx¿
ldl8ofn] k"/f ug{ u/fpg;Qm}g . ldl8ofdf 7"nf] dfqfdf
tyf Jofks ¿kdf aflx/L :jfy{sf] cltqmd0f eof] eg] ;dfhdf
u'6aGbL÷w|'jLs/0f x'G5, åGånfO{ emg rsf{pF5
/ dflg;df 8/ / cljZjf; x'sf{pF5 h;n] ubf{ dflg;x¿ emg vt/fdf
k5{g\ / k/lge{/tf a9\5 . dlxnf, blnt, hflt, hghflt, j[4j[4fh:tf
JolQmx¿nfO{ ldl8ofn] k"jf{u|xL jf k/Dk/fut ¿kdf
k|:t't ubf{ pgLx¿sf] af/]df e|d jf unt s'/f km}lnG5 / c?df
unt k|efj k5{, h;n] ubf{ klxn] b]lvg} clt x]lkPsf jf vt/fdf k/]sfx¿dfly
bf]if÷cf/f]k nfUg] ;Defjgf emg a9\5 . o; sf/0f k|hftflGqs
d'n'sx¿df / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdf ;+rf/ clwsf/ / bfloTjnfO{
kfng u/fpgsf nflu xfdL of] a8fkqnfO{ j}wflgs dfGotf k|bfg u5f}{F
.
wf/f !M ;Ddfg
cfTd;Ddfg, OHht, klxrfg÷kl/ro tyf ce]befj dfgjclwsf/sf
cfwf/e"t dfkb08 x'g / of] dfkb08cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ kfpg' ;a}sf]
clwsf/ xf] .
wf/f @M :jtGqtf
;/sf/L jf Jofkfl/s lgoGq0f gePsf] cfd;+rf/ dfWodx¿df kx'Fr
kfpg' ;a}sf] clwsf/ xf] .
wf/f #M kx'Fr
cfk\mgf clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ug{sf nflu :yfgLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;|f]t;fwgx¿ tyf k/Dk/fut Pj+ ljsl;t ;+rf/ dfWodx¿df
;a}sf] Gofok"0f{ / ;dtfo'Qm kx'Fr x'g'k5{ . ;fdfGotof cfkm"n]
af]Ng] / a'‰g] efiffdf ljrf/, ;"rgf / 1fg k|fKt ug{
kfpg'k5{ . ljleGg k|sf/sf :jfb / ?lrcg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf ;f+:s[lts
s[lt Pj+ ;fdu|Lx¿ pkef]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ . ;fy} ldl8ofsf]
:jfldTj / ;dfrf/sf ;|f]tx¿af/] hfgsf/L ;lhn};Fu kfpg' x'g'k5{
. plrt tyf ckl/xfo{ sf/0fsf] cfwf/df dfq ;"rgfdf kx'Frdfly
/f]s nufpg;lsg] x'g'k5{, ;fy} To:tf] /f]s s]jn cGt/f{li6«o
dfgjclwsf/sf] dfkb08cg';f/ jf k|hftflGqs ;dfhsf] /Iff ug{ jf s;}sf]
cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{sf] nflu nufpg;lsg] x'g'k5{ .
wf/f $M cfTdlge{/tf
hgtf ;xefuL x'g], hgtfn] of]ubfg lbg] / hgtfn] g} kmfObf kfpg]
cfTdlge{/ ;+rf/ ;+/rgf tof/ kfg{] hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog
ug{sf nflu cfTdlge{/ ldl8ofsf] ljsf; ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]uÙ
Jofj;flos ldl8of sdL{x¿nfO{ tflndÙ cfTdlge{/, k|ltlglwd"ns
;+:yfx¿, kqsf/, ;Dkfbs / k|sfzsx¿sf] Jofj;flos ;+u7gx¿sf]
:yfkgfÙ tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿ kfng ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 .
wf/f %M ;fIf/tf
;fj{hlgs 5nkmn ax; tyf ;+rf/df k"0f{ ¿kn] ;xefuL x'gsf
nflu rflxg] ;"rgf / ;Lk xfl;n ug{] clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 . o;sf]
nflu k9\g], n]Vg] / ;dfrf/ ;'Gg] ;'ljwfx¿Ù ldl8ofnfO{
cfnf]rgfTds tl/sfn] u|x0f ug]{ r]tgfÙ sDKo'6/ ;fIf/tfÙ
tyf ;dfhdf ;+rf/sf] e"ldsfaf/] lzIffsf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
wf/f ^M kqsf/x¿sf] ;+/If0f
kqsf/x¿n], vf; u/L ;z:q ;+3if{ eO/x]sf] If]qdf, cGt/f{li6«o
dfgjLo sfg'gnufot k"0f{ ¿kdf sfg'gL ;+/If0f kfpg]
ljz]if Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . ;"rgfsf ;|f]tx¿;dIf pgLx¿n]
;'/lIft tyf lgjf{w kx'Fr kfpg'k5{, tyf cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf cGt/f{li6«o
lgsfodfkm{t sfg'gL pkrf/ kfpg] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
wf/f &M :ki6Ls/0f lbg] / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] clwsf/
ldl8ofn] lbPsf] unt ;"rgfsf] :ki6Ls/0f lbg] / unt ;"rgfsf]
sf/0fn] x'g] xfgL gf]S;fgLafkt xhf{gf dfu ug]{ clwsf/ ;a}nfO{
5 . s'g} ;dfrf/n] s;}nfO{ cGofo k/]sf] plrt cfwf/ ePdf ;DalGwt
JolQmn] ;f] ;dfrf/ t'?Gt} ;'wfg{ nufpg] cj;/ kfpg'k5{ . o:tf e"n
;'wf/x¿nfO{ d"n ;dfrf/ jf n]vnfO{ hlQs} dxTj lbOg'k5{
. s'g} ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]n] hfgfhfgL÷lgotjz c;To jf
e|fds tyf xfgL k'/\ofpg] ;"rgf lbPsf] jf To:tf] ;"rgf
km}nfpg] sfddf ;3fPsf] egL Gofofnon] km};nf u/]df ;/sf/n] To:tf]
k|dfl0ft xfgLgf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg b08;hfo nfu"
ug'{k5{ / e"n ;'wfg{ nufpg'k5{ .
wf/f *M ;f+:s[lts klxrfg
cfkm\gf] ;f+:s[lts klxrfgnfO{ hf]ufpg] clwsf/ ;a}nfO{ 5 . of]
clwsf/leq dflg;x¿n] cfkm\gf] ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] nflu ug]{
k|of;nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ / pgLx¿n] a'em\g] efiffdf :jtGq ¿kdf
cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ k5{ . dflg;x¿sf] ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f÷:yn
/ ;Dkbf hf]ufpg] clwsf/n] c? dfgjclwsf/x¿ jf of] a8fkqsf
k|jwfgx¿nfO{ cltqmd0f ug'{ x'Fb}g .
wf/f (M efiffsf] ljljwtf
;a};Fu efiffsf] ljljwtfsf] clwsf/ x''G5 . cfkm\g} efiffdf cfkm\gf]
s'/f cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] / ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/, ;/sf/L ;xof]uaf6
rNg] z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿df cfkm\g} efiffsf] pkof]u ug{ kfpg]
clwsf/, / cfjZostfcg';f/ cNk;+Vosx¿sf] efiff pkof]u ug]{
kof{Kt Joj:yf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ o;leq k5{ .
wf/ !)M gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf
;"rgfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{Ù 1fgsf] ljsf; / pkof]u ug]{Ù
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;'/Iff / ljsf; ug]{Ù ;+rf/ k|ljlwx¿
/f]Hg] / nfu"ug]{Ù tyf ldl8of pBf]usf] ;+/rgf / gLlt
agfpg] af/]df ;fj{hlgs lg0f{odf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 .
wf/f !!M afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/
afnaflnsfx¿;Fu pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf / ?lr k"/f
ug{] / pgLx¿sf] :j:y zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / efjgfTds ljsf; ug]{
p2]Zon] tof/ kl/Psf cfd;+rf/ dfWodx¿ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/
5 . 3/df, ljBfnodf / v]Ng], sfd ug]{ ynf] jf Jofkfl/s :yfgx¿df
xfgLsf/s ;+rf/ ;fdu|Laf6 tyf Jofkfl/s / c? vfnsf zf]if0f ug]{
;+rf/ ;fdu|Lx¿af6 afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]ufpg'k5{ . afnaflnsfx¿sf
nflu pgLx¿s} efiffdf pRr u'0f:t/sf ;f+:s[lts / dgf]/+hgfTds
;fdu|Lx¿ Jofks dffqfdf pTkfbg / ljjt/0f ug{ /fi6«n]
sbd rfNg'k5{ .
wf/fM !@M ;"rgf k|ljlw÷;fOa/:k];
;fOa/:k]; -On]S6f]lgs jf sDKo'6/ cyf{t\ l8lh6n k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
;"rgfx¿ cf];f/k;f/ / e08f/ ug]{ ;fwg_ sf] ;dfg pkof]u
ug{sf nflu ljZjJofkL kx'Fr kfpg] ;a}nfO{ clwsf/ 5 . ;fOa/:k];df
/flvPsf lgMz'Ns tyf v'nf ;fdu|Lx¿df pgLx¿sf] clwsf/,
On]S6«f]lgs dfWodx¿dfkm{t pgLx¿sf] cleJolQm
ug]{ :jtGqtf, tyf pgLx¿dfly On]lS6f]lgs pks/0fx¿af6
ul/g] hf;';L÷lgu/fgL / x:tIf]kaf6 hf]lug] pgLx¿sf]
:jtGqtfnfO{ ;'/lIft ul/g'k5{ .
wf/f !#M uf]kgLotf
;fj{hlgs lxtsf] ljifo;Fu c;fGble{s jf c;DalGwt cf/f]kx¿
;fj{hlgs ug]{, jf lghL kmf]6f]x¿ jf JolQmut lr7Lkq jf s'/fsfgLx¿,
jf ljZjf;sf] cfwf/df lbOPsf hfgsf/Lx¿ cg'dltlagf k|sflzt,
k|;fl/t ul/g' x'Fb}g . o:tf sfdaf6 ;+/lIft x'g] clwsf/ ;a};Fu
5 . JolQmut s'/fsfgLaf6 jf sfof{no÷sfo{:ynaf6 jf n]gb]g
Jojxf/ jf Jofj;flos sf/f]af/af6 k|fKt hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf ;fdu|L
tyf tYof+s -8f6fa];_ nfO{ cglws[t Jofkfl/s jf ;fdfGo u'Ktr/Lsf]
p2]Zon] pkof]u ug{'x'Fb}g . t/, uf]kgLotfsf] xsn] cleJolQm :jtGqtf
jf Gofo ;Dkfbgdf cg'lrt 9+un] x:tIf]k gu/f];\ eGg] s'/fdf /fHon]
Wofg lbg'k5{ .
wf/f !$M xfgLgf]S;fgL
3[0ff, k"jf{u|x, lx+;f tyf o'4 e8sfpg] s'/fsf] lj/f]wdf ldl8ofnfO{
;lqmo ¿kn] nufpg dfu ug]{ clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 . lx+;fnfO{ ;fdfGo,
æaxfb'/LÆ jf /dfOnf] ug]{ s'/fsf] ¿kdf k|:t't
ul/g' x'Fb}g, tyf lx+;fsf] jf:tljs kl/0ffd / lx+;fsf ljsNkx¿
b]vfpg' k5{ . dfgj ul/df / ;DdfgnfO{ pNn+3g ug]{ jf gf]S;fg ug]{
ljleGg s'/fx¿dWo] dflg;x¿sf] hLjgsf] jf:tljstfnfO{
a+Uofpg] jf ljs[t, jf hl6n ¿kn], k/Dk/fut÷k"jf{u|xL
9+un] k|:t't ug]{ s'/fx¿ k5{g\ . o:tf s'/fx¿ x6fOg'
k5{ . ln+u, j0f{, hft, ju{, hghflt, efiff, n}+lus wf/0ff jf ;fdflhs
jf cly{s x}l;ot tyf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s cj:yfsf] cfwf/df ldl8ofn]
s;}nfO{ klg Jo+Uo ug{, ;dfhdf 3[l0ft ¿kn] b]vfpg÷lrlqt
ug{ jf cdfgjLo ¿kn] k|:t't ug{ x'Fb}g .
wf/f !%M Gofo
Gofofnox¿df rln/x]sf jf ljrf/fwLg d'2fx¿, d'2fsf]
;'g'jfO jf Ohnf;df x'g] ax;sf] af/]df ;dfrf/ lbFbf ldl8ofnfO{
lglZrt k|lqmofdf cfwfl/t dfkb08 kfng ug{ nufpg] clwsf/ ;a};Fu
5 . o;cg';f/ s'g} cleof]u jf cf/f]ksf] km};nf geO{ ldl8ofn] s;}nfO{
ck/fwL 7fGg' x'Fb}g, k|ltjfbLsf] uf]kgLotfdfly x:tIf]k ug'{ x'Fb}g,
tyf ck/fw;DaGwL ;'g'jfO rln/x]sf] 36gf jf b[ZonfO{ 6]lnlehgaf6
k|ToIf÷pxL ;dodf k|;f/0f ug'{ x'Fb}g .
wf/f !^M pkef]u
pkof]uL / tYoo'Qm pkef]Uo hfgsf/L kfpg] / e|dfTds tyf a+UofOPsf]
;"rgf kfpgaf6 hf]lug] clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 . ;dfrf/ tyf dgf]/+hgsf]
vf]n cf]9fP/ k|:t't ul/g] sfo{qmd -Jofkfl/s :jfy{ n's]sf] dgf]/+hg,
dgf]/+hg sfo{qmdleqs} b[Zodf lasfpm ;fdfgx¿sf] k|bz{g jf
tL sfo{qmdsf snfsf/x¿n] lasfpg] ;fdfgsf] pkof]u u/]sf]
b[Zo, ;fdfg lasfpg] rl/q jf v]nf}gf ePsf afn sfo{qmx¿,
OToflb_, tyf sfd gnfUg], cgfjZos, xfgLsf/s jf jftfj/0fLo b[li6n]
xfgLsf/s a:t'x¿sf] dfu, cjZostf, pTkfbg / ultljlwx¿nfO{
a9fpg] sfd ldl8ofn] kl/Tofu ug'{k5{ / cfjZos k/]sf] v08df ltgsf]
e08fkmf]/ ug'{k5{ . s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ nlIft u/]/ agfOg] lj1fkgnfO{
ljz]if u/L ;"Id ¿kn] hfFRg'k5{ .
wf/f !&M pQ/bfloTj
ldl8ofnfO{ cfdhgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg] / of] a8fkq kfng ug{ nufpg]
clwsf/ ;a};Fu 5 . of] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ ldl8ofn] of] ;xdlt kfng
ePgePsf] cg'udg ug{ / u/fpg :jcg'zf;g jf cfTd lgodgnufotsf] ;+oGq
:yfkgf ug'{{k5{ .
wf/f !*M sfof{Gjog
of] a8fkqnfO{ k|rf/k|;f/ ug{, ;s];Dd w]/} d'n's tyf cGt/f{li6«o
sfg'gdf o;nfO{ nfu" ug{, o;df ePsf dfkb08cg'¿k d'n'sx¿
/ ldl8ofsf] sfd cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug{, o;sf] pNn+3gaf/] ph'/L
;'Gg, pkrf/sf kof{Kt pkfox¿af/] ;'emfj lbg, tyf of] a8fkqsf]
cfjlws ;dLIff ug]{ k|lqmof agfpg, o;sf] ljsf; / kl/dfh{g ug{sf
nflu x:tfIf/stf{x¿sf] ;Nnfx / ;xdltdf, /fli6«o /
cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqx¿ :yfkgf÷u7g ul/g]5g\ .
;xfos cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿
hgtfsf] ;+rf/ clwsf/ a8fkqdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx¿ Jofks tyf
ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw / ;Demf}tfx¿df cfwfl/t 5g\
. xfn k|f]km];/ l;; x]d]ln+sn] tof/ kf/]sf] Pp6f j]a;fO6df Pp6}
;fO6df dxTjk"0f{ ;lGwx¿ ;+sng ul/Psf 5g\ . tkfO{Fn]
tnsf] j]a 7]ufgfdf Tof] j]a;fO6 x]g{;Sg'x'G5 .
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